This article reviews the vanishing of the so-called “Southern Question” from the top priority of the Italian governments at the beginning of 1990. This was a structural change, given that the development of the South has represented a crucial challenge for Italy since the unification. The paper analyzes the topic through the specific point of view of the labor unions, using historical documents and coeval newspapers as primary sources. This approch has not been used by historiography on the subject till today. The first part focuses on the seventies when the labor unions had a strong negotiation power and they mobilized the entire country in order to overcome the North-South Gap. Few years later the support of the North became weaker as a consequence of the economic crisis, in conjunction with some mistakes of the unions. During the eighties, while Italy was passing through important changes caused by international events as well, the support of the northern workers further weakened and developed in opposition to the South. Many members of the unions joined the Lega Lombarda and other northern populist parties. These events influenced the cancellation of the 'extraordinary intervention for the South', increased the gap between north and south and eventually contributed to the end of the so-called “First Republic”.
Il saggio analizza il dualismo Nord-Sud con una prospettiva poco considerata dalla storiografia, quella dei sindacati e dei loro iscritti. Inizialmente l’autore si sofferma sulla forte spinta del mondo del lavoro per lo sviluppo del Mezzogiorno. Dopo l’“autunno caldo” del 1969 Cgil, Cisl e Uil erano particolarmente influenti e mobilitarono i lavoratori dell’intero Paese affinché fosse superato il divario. La crisi economica seguita allo shock petrolifero e alcuni limiti dell’azione sindacale indebolirono il sostegno del Nord a questo disegno. Negli anni Ottanta, mentre l’Italia era segnata da profonde trasformazioni collegate anche a processi sovranazionali, si logorò progressivamente la visione condivisa sul Mezzogiorno. Utilizzando documenti d’archivio in larga parte inediti, il saggio ricostruisce la crescente contrapposizione dei lavoratori settentrionali verso il Sud. Molti iscritti ai sindacati assunsero sul tema posizioni opposte alle organizzazioni di appartenenza: sostennero la Liga Veneta e la Lega Lombarda, che spinsero per la cancellazione dell’intervento straordinario nel Mezzogiorno e contribuirono all’affermazione della “questione settentrionale”. Alla metà degli anni Novanta l’approccio al dualismo storicamente seguito dal Paese era stato ribaltato.
Dalle lotte unitarie al leghismo: sindacati e lavoratori di fronte al dualismo Nord-Sud
Sbrana F
2016-01-01
Abstract
This article reviews the vanishing of the so-called “Southern Question” from the top priority of the Italian governments at the beginning of 1990. This was a structural change, given that the development of the South has represented a crucial challenge for Italy since the unification. The paper analyzes the topic through the specific point of view of the labor unions, using historical documents and coeval newspapers as primary sources. This approch has not been used by historiography on the subject till today. The first part focuses on the seventies when the labor unions had a strong negotiation power and they mobilized the entire country in order to overcome the North-South Gap. Few years later the support of the North became weaker as a consequence of the economic crisis, in conjunction with some mistakes of the unions. During the eighties, while Italy was passing through important changes caused by international events as well, the support of the northern workers further weakened and developed in opposition to the South. Many members of the unions joined the Lega Lombarda and other northern populist parties. These events influenced the cancellation of the 'extraordinary intervention for the South', increased the gap between north and south and eventually contributed to the end of the so-called “First Republic”.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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