For almost twenty years now, multilingualism has fully entered the fields of study and research of educational linguistics and language didactics. However, very few forms of bi-lingual education are translated into practice even in Italy, and even less is the evaluative component of plural approaches involving several languages explored in depth. In this paper, after a theoretical and critical examination of educational plurilingualism from the point of view of language policies, and through the description of teaching practices and reflections on the possible assessment of plurilingual competence, we move on to an investigation conducted in an educational context marked by a plurilingual approach (Autonomous Region of Valle d'Aosta: RAVA), with three languages of schooling (Italian, French and English), and the experimentation of a multilingual test capable of assessing multilingual competence in the students' profile, with regard to reading comprehension. The objectives of this research therefore focus on two poles: (i) the analysis of the repertoires of students involved in multilingual education in order to examine its effects on the educational context -also in the light of the role of French in the RAVA (L2 of schooling)- and (ii) the experimentation of an assessment tool that included all the languages of the curriculum. The analysis of the context was carried out: (i) by means of a survey instrument consisting of a didactic activity of reflection on the students' language repertoires (Language Passport); (ii) by means of questionnaires addressed to teachers on the management of classes of non-linguistic disciplines conducted in languages other than the L1 of schooling. The multilingual test was structured according to the multilingual competence descriptors proposed in the recent Companion Volume to the CEFR, specifically proposing a test of comprehension of different texts in the three languages of the curriculum. The data show how the multilingual teaching undertaken broadens students' linguistic repertoires and reinforces the role of French despite its weakness in the RAVA language space. The results of the test, despite a certain heterogeneity between the schools involved, elicit satisfactory results with regard to the reading comprehension of texts in different languages, and show, albeit for a small part of the sample, multilingual productions underlying metalinguistic and crosslinguistic skills. Future perspectives should increasingly focus on the promotion of multilingual forms of education that start from the involvement and analysis of the repertoires of the subjects involved by means of various didactic instruments of linguistic reflection. In terms of evaluation, future research could be directed towards other solutions involving an assessment of multilingual competence in the light of all its descriptors and by means of various types of evaluation, especially by deepening and attempting to provide specific descriptors for one of its main characteristics, namely code-switching and the use of the learner's entire linguistic repertoire. These aspects are part of the aim of increasingly shifting the focus of research and teaching from an unfair and limiting monolingual dominant perspective towards an advantageous multilingual turn, which is necessary in today's increasingly linguistically diverse contexts.

Da quasi vent’anni, il plurilinguismo è entrato a pieno titolo tra gli ambiti di studio e di ricerca della linguistica educativa e della didattica delle lingue. Tuttavia, forme di educazione bi-plurilingue si traducono in pratica in maniera molto ridotta anche in Italia, e ancora meno è approfondita la componente valutativa di approcci plurali che coinvolgano più lingue. In questo lavoro, dopo un approfondimento teorico e critico sul plurilinguismo educativo dal punto di vista delle politiche linguistiche, e attraverso la descrizione delle pratiche didattiche e le riflessioni sulla possibile valutazione di una competenza plurilingue, si passa a un’indagine condotta in un contesto educativo improntato a un’ottica plurilingue (Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta: RAVA), con tre lingue di scolarizzazione (italiano, francese e inglese), e alla sperimentazione di una prova multilingue in grado di valutare la competenza plurilingue nel profilo degli studenti, per quanto riguarda la comprensione scritta. Gli obiettivi di questa ricerca si concentrano perciò su due poli: (i) l’analisi dei repertori di studenti coinvolti in un’educazione plurilingue al fine di vagliare i suoi effetti sul contesto educativo –anche alla luce del ruolo del francese nella RAVA (L2 di scolarizzazione)– e (ii) la sperimentazione di uno strumento valutativo che comprendesse tutte le lingue del curriculum. L’analisi del contesto è stata effettuata: (i) attraverso uno strumento d’indagine costituito da un’attività didattica di riflessione sui repertori linguistici degli studenti (Language Passport); (ii) attraverso questionari rivolti ai docenti sulla gestione di classi di discipline non linguistiche svolte in lingue diverse rispetto alla L1 di scolarizzazione. La prova multilingue è stata strutturata in base ai descrittori della competenza plurilingue proposti nel recente Companion Volume al QCER, nello specifico proponendo una prova di comprensione di testi diversi nelle tre lingue del curriculum. I dati mostrano come la didattica plurilingue intrapresa ampli i repertori linguistici degli studenti e rinsaldi il ruolo del francese nonostante la sua debolezza nello spazio linguistico della RAVA. I risultati della prova, nonostante una certa eterogeneità tra gli istituti scolastici coinvolti, elicitano risultati soddisfacenti riguardo alla comprensione scritta di testi in lingue diverse, e mostrano, sia pur per una parte ristretta del campione, produzioni multilingui che sottendono competenze metalinguistiche e crosslinguistiche. Prospettive future dovrebbero indirizzarsi sempre più sull’incentivazione di forme di educazione plurilingue che partano dal coinvolgimento e dall’analisi dei repertori dei soggetti coinvolti attraverso diversi strumenti didattici di riflessione linguistica. Sul piano valutativo, ricerche future potrebbero essere rivolte ad altre soluzioni che coinvolgano una valutazione della competenza plurilingue alla luce di tutti i suoi descrittori e attraverso varie tipologie valutative, specialmente approfondendo e cercando di dotare di descrittori specifici una delle sue caratteristiche principali ossia la commutazione di codice e il ricorso all’intero repertorio linguistico dell’apprendente. Questi aspetti si inseriscono nell’obiettivo di spostare sempre più il focus della ricerca e della didattica da un’ingiusta e limitante prospettiva monolingue dominante verso una vantaggiosa svolta plurilingue, necessaria in contesti sempre più linguisticamente

Plurilinguismo: dall’educazione bi-plurilingue alla valutazione. Uno studio sperimentale nella regione autonoma Valle d’Aosta / Verdigi, Mirko. - (2021 Jun 15).

Plurilinguismo: dall’educazione bi-plurilingue alla valutazione. Uno studio sperimentale nella regione autonoma Valle d’Aosta

VERDIGI, MIRKO
2021-06-15

Abstract

For almost twenty years now, multilingualism has fully entered the fields of study and research of educational linguistics and language didactics. However, very few forms of bi-lingual education are translated into practice even in Italy, and even less is the evaluative component of plural approaches involving several languages explored in depth. In this paper, after a theoretical and critical examination of educational plurilingualism from the point of view of language policies, and through the description of teaching practices and reflections on the possible assessment of plurilingual competence, we move on to an investigation conducted in an educational context marked by a plurilingual approach (Autonomous Region of Valle d'Aosta: RAVA), with three languages of schooling (Italian, French and English), and the experimentation of a multilingual test capable of assessing multilingual competence in the students' profile, with regard to reading comprehension. The objectives of this research therefore focus on two poles: (i) the analysis of the repertoires of students involved in multilingual education in order to examine its effects on the educational context -also in the light of the role of French in the RAVA (L2 of schooling)- and (ii) the experimentation of an assessment tool that included all the languages of the curriculum. The analysis of the context was carried out: (i) by means of a survey instrument consisting of a didactic activity of reflection on the students' language repertoires (Language Passport); (ii) by means of questionnaires addressed to teachers on the management of classes of non-linguistic disciplines conducted in languages other than the L1 of schooling. The multilingual test was structured according to the multilingual competence descriptors proposed in the recent Companion Volume to the CEFR, specifically proposing a test of comprehension of different texts in the three languages of the curriculum. The data show how the multilingual teaching undertaken broadens students' linguistic repertoires and reinforces the role of French despite its weakness in the RAVA language space. The results of the test, despite a certain heterogeneity between the schools involved, elicit satisfactory results with regard to the reading comprehension of texts in different languages, and show, albeit for a small part of the sample, multilingual productions underlying metalinguistic and crosslinguistic skills. Future perspectives should increasingly focus on the promotion of multilingual forms of education that start from the involvement and analysis of the repertoires of the subjects involved by means of various didactic instruments of linguistic reflection. In terms of evaluation, future research could be directed towards other solutions involving an assessment of multilingual competence in the light of all its descriptors and by means of various types of evaluation, especially by deepening and attempting to provide specific descriptors for one of its main characteristics, namely code-switching and the use of the learner's entire linguistic repertoire. These aspects are part of the aim of increasingly shifting the focus of research and teaching from an unfair and limiting monolingual dominant perspective towards an advantageous multilingual turn, which is necessary in today's increasingly linguistically diverse contexts.
15-giu-2021
Italiano
33
2019/2020
Scienze linguistiche e filologiche
Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze letterarie, librarie, linguistiche e della comunicazione internazionale
Settore L-LIN/02 - Didattica delle Lingue Moderne
Discussione on line (Lucca, Perugia)
COPPOLA, Daria Carmina
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12071/40128
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